Integrasi AI dalam pengajaran bahasa asing di universiti awam Malaysia: Potensi, cabaran dan hala tuju

[AI Integration in Foreign Language Teaching at Malaysian Public Universities: Potential, Challenges and Directions]

الملخص

Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) semakin mempengaruhi amalan pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa asing di seluruh dunia, termasuk di universiti awam di Malaysia. Pengajaran bahasa asing bukan sahaja memerlukan penguasaan linguistik, malah turut menuntut pemahaman budaya bagi mencapai komunikasi yang berkesan. Oleh itu, pelaksanaannya perlu mengimbangi penggunaan teknologi terkini dengan pendekatan pedagogi yang mantap. Integrasi AI melalui aplikasi seperti ChatGPT untuk latihan perbualan, Duolingo AI bagi pembelajaran adaptif, serta perisian pengecaman pertuturan untuk latihan sebutan menunjukkan potensi yang signifikan dalam menyokong pendidikan bahasa. Penggunaan AI juga berupaya mempercepat penguasaan kosa kata, menggalakkan pembelajaran kendiri, serta meningkatkan keyakinan pelajar dalam berkomunikasi. Namun begitu, pemerhatian dalam konteks serantau memperlihatkan beberapa cabaran utama, termasuk jurang digital, tahap literasi teknologi yang berbeza, serta isu etika akademik seperti plagiarisme dan kebergantungan berlebihan terhadap sistem pintar. Justeru, kertas kerja ini bertujuan meneliti secara konseptual potensi dan cabaran tersebut dalam konteks universiti awam di Malaysia serta mencadangkan hala tuju yang bersesuaian. Kesimpulannya, AI bukan pengganti pensyarah, sebaliknya alat yang mampu memperkukuh pedagogi sekiranya disokong oleh latihan berterusan, garis panduan etika, dan dasar institusi yang jelas.

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing foreign language teaching and learning practices worldwide, including in Malaysian public universities. Foreign language education requires not only linguistic competence but also cultural understanding to achieve effective communication. Therefore, it should be implemented through approaches that balance advanced technological tools with sound pedagogical practices. The integration of AI through applications such as ChatGPT for conversational practice, Duolingo AI for adaptive learning, and speech recognition software for pronunciation training demonstrates significant potential in supporting language education. AI can accelerate vocabulary acquisition, promote autonomous learning, and enhance students' confidence in communication. However, observations within the regional context reveal notable challenges, including the digital divide, varying levels of technological literacy, and ethical concerns such as plagiarism and overreliance on intelligent systems. This paper aims to conceptually examine these potentials and challenges within Malaysian public universities and to propose appropriate future directions. In conclusion, AI should not be viewed as a replacement for educators, but rather as a tool to strengthen pedagogy when supported by continuous training, ethical guidelines, and clear institutional policies. With a structured approach, AI has the potential to enrich language learning experiences and empower Malaysian students in facing global challenges.